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2.
Clin. biomed. res ; 42(1): 33-38, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391246

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Conhecer o perfil da população privada de liberdade da Penitenciária Modulada de Osório (PMO), do ponto de vista radiológico e estimar a prevalência da tuberculose ativa no presídio.Métodos: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de 677 radiografias de tórax obtidas para rastreio de tuberculose e de dados da ficha de atendimento do setor de Radiologia no período de julho a outubro de 2019.Resultados: Foram detectadas 150 radiografias alteradas, o que representa 22% dos 677 exames. Dos 150 exames alterados, 109 (16% do total e 72% dos alterados) apresentavam lesões com características de doença granulomatosa. Dos 677 pacientes, 11,5% referiram tratamento atual ou prévio para tuberculose e estes representam 38% dos casos com radiografias alteradas. Foram detectados 50 pacientes sem história prévia de tuberculose com lesões de aspecto muito provavelmente devido a tuberculose com características de doença ativa (7,3% do total), os quais foram encaminhados para investigação como casos novos. Em relação ao questionário aplicado, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os pacientes que referiam ou negavam tosse entre os com exames normais e alterados.Conclusões: Os indivíduos privados de liberdade apresentaram alta prevalência de alterações radiológicas com aspecto sugestivo de doença granulomatosa. Estes achados permitem inferir que na Penitenciária Modulada de Osório há elevada prevalência de tuberculose, provavelmente em níveis semelhantes a outras casas prisionais do Brasil.


Introduction: To determine the radiologic profile of 'the prisoners at Osório Modular Prison and estimate the prevalence of active tuberculosis in the institution.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 677 chest radiographs obtained for tuberculosis screening and data from the medical records of prisoners seen at the Radiology Department from July to October 2019.Results: Of 677 radiographs, 150 (22%) showed abnormalities. Of these, 109 (16% of total or 72% of abnormal radiographs) showed lesions characteristic of granulomatous disease. Of all 677 patients, 11.5% reported current or previous treatment of tuberculosis, accounting for 38% of all abnormal radiographs. Fifty patients with no previous history of tuberculosis had lesions that were most likely due to active tuberculosis (7.3% of total), and were referred for further investigation as new cases. The responses to the questionnaire revealed no significant difference between patients who reported or denied coughing when comparing those with normal vs abnormal radiographs.Conclusions: Individuals deprived of liberty had a high prevalence of radiologic abnormalities suggestive of granulomatous disease. These findings allow us to infer that there is a high prevalence of tuberculosis at Osório Modular Prison, probably at levels comparable to those of other prison facilities in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Radiology/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data
3.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 13: 1060-1067, jan.-dez. 2021. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1252940

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar as condições de saúde de um presídio do nordeste. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório com delineamento de análise quantitativa, realizado no Estabelecimento Prisional Feminino Santa Luzia, em Alagoas, com 151 mulheres em situação prisional. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado como instrumento um formulário estruturado. Utilizou a análise do tipo descritiva para a distribuição das variáveis. Resultados: mulheres com idade média de 31 anos, baixa escolaridade e solteiras. Verifica-se uso abusivo de tabaco, elevada prevalência de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e hipertensão arterial. Evidenciou-se uma baixa cobertura das ações de saúde. Conclusão: desta forma, as condições de saúde reveladas são importantes indicadores para implantação de ações mais eficazes para a mulher em situação prisional. Nesta perspectiva, evidencia-se a necessidade da criação, implementação e fiscalização de políticas públicas de saúde e sociais direcionada às particularidades femininas


Objective: assess the health conditions of a northeastern prison Methods: this is a descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative analysis design, carried out at the Santa Luzia Female Prison, in Alagoas, with 151 women in prison. For data collection, a structured form was used as an instrument. It used descriptive analysis for the distribution of variables. Results: women with an average age of 31 years, low education and single. There is an abuse of tobacco, a high prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and high blood pressure. There was a low coverage of health actions. Conclusion: thus, the health conditions revealed are important indicators for the implementation of more effective actions for women in prison. In this perspective, the need for the creation, implementation and inspection of public health and social policies aimed at women is highlighted


Objetivo: evaluar las condiciones de salud de una prisión del noreste. Métodos: este es un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio con un diseño de análisis cuantitativo, realizado en la Prisión Femenina de Santa Luzia, en Alagoas, con 151 mujeres en prisión. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizó un formulario estructurado como instrumento. Se utilizó el análisis descriptivo para la distribución de variables. Resultados: mujeres con una edad promedio de 31 años, baja educación y solteras. Hay un abuso del tabaco, una alta prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual y presión arterial alta. Hubo una baja cobertura de las acciones de salud. Conclusión: por lo tanto, las condiciones de salud reveladas son indicadores importantes para la implementación de acciones más efectivas para las mujeres en prisión. En esta perspectiva, se destaca la necesidad de la creación, implementación e inspección de políticas sociales y de salud pública dirigidas a las mujeres


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Health Profile , Tobacco Use Disorder , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Women's Health , Sanitary Supervision , Hypertension
4.
An. bras. dermatol ; 95(3): 289-297, May-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1130878

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Tattooing is among identified risk factor for blood-borne diseases. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of tattooing during lifetime and in prisons and its related factors among Iranian prisoners. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The required data was obtained from hepatitis B and C surveillance surveys in prisons in 2015-2016 that was collected through face-to-face interview. 12,800 prisoners were selected by multi-stage random sampling from 55 prisons of 19 provinces in Iran. Weighted prevalence and associated factors (using Chi-Square test and multivariate logistic regression) were determined by Stata/SE 14.0 survey package. Results: Out of 12,800 prisioners, 11,988 participated in the study (93.6% participation rate). The prevalence of tattooing in lifetime and in prisons was 44.7% and 31.1% respectively. The prevalence of tattooing during lifetime was significantly associated with age < 35 years, being single, illiteracy, history of imprisonment, drug use, piercing during lifetime, extramarital sex and history of STI; the prevalence of tattooing in prison had a significant association with history of imprisonment, drug use, piercing in prison, and history of extramarital sex (p < 0.05). Study limitations: Information and selection bias was one of the study limitations. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of tattooing during lifetime and in prison among prisoners was significantly high especially in high-risk groups such as drug users and sexually active subjects. Given the role of tattooing, drug injection and sex in the transmission of blood-borne diseases, harm reduction programs are recommended to reduce these high-risk behaviors in prisons.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Tattooing/statistics & numerical data , Risk-Taking , Socioeconomic Factors , Tattooing/adverse effects , Time Factors , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Body Piercing/statistics & numerical data , Iran/epidemiology , Middle Aged
5.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 42(2): 153-160, Apr.-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139819

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Drug-related crimes, especially drug trafficking, account for a large part of incarcerations not only in Brazil, but also worldwide. It is not clear whether the change in the drug law has contributed to the increase in the number of drug trafficking prisoners. Few studies have investigated gender differences and the growth of drug trafficking offenses in the Brazilian southern state of Rio Grande do Sul. Objective To investigate the growth of the prison population in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, emphasizing incarcerations for drug trafficking and gender differences. Method This was an ecological study using secondary data collected from official databases of the Brazilian National Penitentiary Department (Departamento Penitenciário [DEPEN]), affiliated with the Brazilian Ministry of Justice. Results Between 2006 and 2015, incarcerations increased by 27% (25% men, 83% women). Incarcerations for drug trafficking accounted for 11% of total arrests in 2006 (11% men, 20% women) and 45% in 2015 (47% men, 91% women), corresponding to an increase of 427% (415% among men, 723% among women). Conclusions Imprisonment for drug trafficking has increased considerably, especially among women. This may be due to factors such as: increase of drug trafficking, increase in the numbers of gangs in the state, and changes in the Brazilian drug law. These results highlight an emerging challenge in public health from the perspective of human rights and gender.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Criminal Law , Drug Trafficking/statistics & numerical data , Legislation, Drug , Brazil , Sex Factors , Public Health
6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 25(2): 623-632, Feb. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055832

ABSTRACT

Abstract The present study aims to identify the prevalence of physical violence against female prisoners in Brazil, as well as related factors. This is a cross-sectional national survey conducted in 15 female prisons in five regions of Brazil selected in multiple stages. The following types of analysis were performed: univariate analysis; stratified analysis relating the outcome (suffer physical violence inside prison) to predictor variables, using the Pearson chi-square test; calculation of the Odds Ratio (O.R.); and multiple logistic regression. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used for analysis of goodness of fit and adequacy of the model. The prevalence of physical violence inside female prisons was 37.4%. There was a correlation between physical violence victimization in prison and the following variables: physical victimization prior to arrest (p = 0.013), solitary confinement (p = 0.000), mental suffering (p = 0.003), current or previous abusive intake of alcohol (p = 0.011), current or previous injection of cocaine (p = 0.002) and not performing prison labor (p = 0.003). Physical violence has become inherent in the Brazilian female prison system. Continued studies are needed to monitor the situation and to develop interventions to prevent physical violence inside the facilities.


Resumo O presente artigo objetiva identificar a prevalência de violência física no interior das prisões femininas brasileiras, bem como fatores associados. Estudo transversal de abrangência nacional, realizado em 15 unidades prisionais femininas nas cinco regiões do Brasil em amostra selecionada por múltiplos estágios. Realizou-se análise univariada; análise estratificada em relação ao desfecho (sofrer violência física dentro da prisão) e as variáveis preditoras através do teste de Chi-quadrado de Pearson; cálculo da Odds Ratio; e regressão logística múltipla. Utilizou-se o teste Hosmer-Lemeshow para análise de qualidade de ajuste e adequação do modelo. A prevalência de violência física dentro das prisões femininas brasileiras foi de 37.4%. Houve correlação entre a vitimização da violência física na prisão e as seguintes variáveis: vitimização física prévia (p = 0.013), isolamento (p = 0.000), sofrimento mental (p = 0.003), ingestão abusiva e/ou dependência alcoólica (p = 0.011), uso atual ou prévio de cocaína injetável (p = 0.002) e ócio prisional (p = 0.003). A violência física tornou-se inerente ao sistema prisional feminino brasileiro. Estudos futuros são necessários no intuito de fornecer propostas para intervenções efetivas de modo a prevenir a violência física dentro das instalações prisionais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(1): 32-36, feb. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092719

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Los/as trabajadores/as sexuales, personas con adicción a drogas, población de inicio sexual precoz y población penal son considerados los grupos de mayor riesgo de contraer infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Objetivo: Determinar prevalencia de infección por Neisseria gonorrhoeae, en reclusos del Centro de Detención Preventiva (CDP) de la Región de Arica y Parinacota, Chile. Este estudio contó con la aprobación del Cómité Ético Científico de la Universidad de Tarapacá. Material y Método: Participaron 140 reclusos, que aceptaron ser parte del estudio en forma voluntaria y firmaron un consentimiento informado. Se tomó una muestra del meato uretral para pesquisa de N. gonorrhoeae y se aplicó una encuesta epidemiológica que consignó edad, consumo de drogas, hacinamiento, entre otros. Resultados: La prevalencia del agente fue de 16,4% en reclusos del CDP de Arica, resultado menor a lo reportado en otros estudios similares. Conclusiones: Conocer la realidad de la prevalencia de esta ITS y algunos factores de riesgo asociados a la situación de privación de la libertad en una zona tri-fronteriza del norte de Chile, contribuye a las propuestas de programas de prevención en esta población vulnerable y de riesgo.


Abstract Background: Sex workers, people with drug addiction, early onset of sexual activity population, and criminal population, are considered the groups most at risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Aim: To determine the prevalence of infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in inmates of the Preventive Detention Center (CDP) at Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile. The Scientific Ethical Committee of Universidad de Tarapacá approved this study. Method: 140 inmates participated, who voluntarily agreed to be part of the study and signed an informed consent. A sample of urethral meatus was taken to investigate N. gonorrhoeae, and an epidemiological survey was applied, which included age, drug use, overcrowding, among others. Results: The prevalence of the agent was 16.4% in inmates of the Arica CDP, a result lower than that reported in other similar studies. Conclusion: Knowing the reality of the prevalence of this STI and some risk factors associated with the situation of deprivation of freedom in a tri-border area of northern Chile, contributes to the proposals for prevention programs in this vulnerable and at-risk population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Gonorrhea/prevention & control , Gonorrhea/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Workers , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification
8.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 25(9): 3493-3502, Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | SES-SP, ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1133136

ABSTRACT

Resumo Saúde prisional é, em sua essência, saúde pública. A pandemia de COVID-19 representa uma grande ameaça para o mundo e tem demonstrado que prevenir a escalada da doença em prisões faz parte do combate ao novo coronavírus na sociedade em geral. Sabe-se, até o momento, que a mais efetiva medida de contenção ao avanço da doença é o isolamento social. No entanto, em instituições penais, muitas vezes superlotadas, tal medida torna-se de difícil implementação e, quando acontece, leva a população privada de liberdade a um superisolamento, tendo consequências em sua saúde mental. Além disso, indivíduos presos sofrem com ambientes sem ventilação, falta de materiais de higiene pessoal, condições sanitárias básicas precárias e dificuldade de acesso a serviços de saúde. O presente artigo objetiva ser uma revisão narrativa sobre os efeitos da pandemia em presídios e como governos e sociedade civil têm se organizado a fim de reduzir as consequências sobre esses locais. A publicação foi dividida em três seções: na primeira, há uma revisão da literatura em saúde sobre a temática; na segunda, é tratado o modo como diferentes países estão lidando com a situação carcerária no contexto da pandemia; na terceira e última parte, é abordado o modo como o Sistema Penal brasileiro tem reagido à nova doença.


Abstract Prisional health is, in its essence, public health. The COVID-19 pandemic poses a great threat to the world and has shown that preventing the disease escalation in prisons integrates the novel corona virus clash in society in general. Up to this moment, the most effective known measure to curb the disease spread is social isolation. Nevertheless, in penal institutions, often overcrowded, social isolation becomes difficult to carry out and, when it happens, it takes the enclosed population to overisolation, with consequences to their mental health. Besides, prisoners suffer with clogged up environment, lack of materials for personal hygiene, poor basic sanitary conditions and difficulties in accessing health services. This paper deals with a narrative review on the pandemic effects in prisons and how government and civil society have organized themselves in order to reduce the disease consequences at those places. The text has been divided into three sections: the first with literature review on the current health theme; the second discusses how different countries have been dealing with the prison situation in the pandemic context, and, the last part focuses on how the Brazilian Penal System has reacted to the new disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/psychology , Prisoners/psychology , Social Isolation , Brazil , Mental Health , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/psychology , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Pandemics/prevention & control , Health Services Accessibility
11.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 105, 2020. tab
Article in English | SES-SP, BBO, LILACS | ID: biblio-1139481

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B infection among women deprived of liberty in the state of Roraima, Brazil, and its correlation with perceptions, knowledge and behavioral factors. METHOD This is a cross-sectional study, with simple systematic sampling, conducted at the Public Female Prison in Boa Vista, State of Roraima, in 2017. A total of 168 inmates (93.8% of the population) were evaluated by in-person interviews and rapid tests. RESULTS The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) was 20.2%, being 4.7% HIV, 15.5% syphilis, and 0.0% hepatitis B. Multivariate analysis confirmed as risk factors for acquiring an STI: being over 30 years of age [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.57; 95%CI 1.03-6.40); low schooling (adjusted OR: 2.77; 95%CI 1.08-5.05); little knowledge about condom use (adjusted OR: 2.37; 95%CI 1.01-7.31); and believing that there is no risk of contracting syphilis (adjusted OR: 2.36; 95%CI 1.08-6.50). CONCLUSION The population deprived of liberty is a group of highly vulnerable to STI. The high prevalence of these infections can be explained by knowledge deficits on the subject, distorted perceptions and conditions peculiar to imprisonment, which result in risky behavior. We emphasize the need to implement educational programs for preventing, diagnosing and treating STI for this population.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a prevalência de infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), sífilis e hepatite B entre mulheres privadas de liberdade do estado de Roraima e sua correlação com percepções, conhecimento e fatores comportamentais. MÉTODO Trata-se de estudo de corte transversal, com amostragem sistemática simples, realizado na Cadeia Pública Feminina de Boa Vista, estado de Roraima, no ano de 2017. Foram avaliadas 168 detentas (93,8% da população) por meio de entrevista face a face e testes rápidos. RESULTADOS A prevalência de alguma infecção sexualmente transmissível (IST) foi de 20,2%, sendo 4,7% de HIV, 15,5% de sífilis, e 0,0% de hepatite B. A análise multivariada confirmou como fatores de risco para adquirir uma IST: ter mais de 30 anos de idade [ odds ratio (OR) ajustada: 2,57; IC95% 1,03-6,40); baixa escolaridade (OR ajustada: 2,77; IC95% 1,08-5,05); pouco conhecimento sobre o uso da camisinha (OR ajustada: 2,37; IC95% 1,01-7,31); e achar que não há risco de contrair sífilis (OR ajustada: 2,36; IC95% 1,08-6,50). CONCLUSÃO A população privada de liberdade constitui um grupo de alta vulnerabilidade às IST. A elevada prevalência dessas infecções pode ser explicada por déficits de conhecimento sobre o assunto, percepções distorcidas e condições peculiares ao aprisionamento, que resultam em comportamento de risco. Ressalta-se a necessidade de implantar programas educativos de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de IST para essa população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Syphilis/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Middle Aged
12.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 144, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1145050

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the level and temporal trends of homicide impunity in Brazil. METHODS This is an ecological study that calculated two impunity indexes by dividing the total number of homicides committed in a 5-year period by the number of individuals arrested for murder (homicide impunity) or any other cause (general impunity) two years after this period. The Prais-Winsten linear regression model with serial autocorrelation correction was used to estimate the temporal trend of the impunity indexes. RESULTS Between 2009 and 2014, 328,714 homicides were recorded in Brazil, but only 84,539 prisoners were serving sentences for this kind of crime in 2016. This shows that the number of homicides in Brazil exceeded in 244,175 the number of individuals in prisons for this crime. The impunity index ranged from 3.9 in 2006 to 3.3 in 2014. All states reached values above 1. Rio de Janeiro stood out negatively, with values above 20. São Paulo, Santa Catarina, and Distrito Federal showed the lowest impunity indexes for homicide, with values below 2. Eight states showed a downward trend in the overall impunity index. CONCLUSIONS Most Brazilian states presented extremely high impunity indexes values. However, from 2010 to 2012, Brazilian society started to effectively combat impunity for serious violent crimes, including homicide. In São Paulo, this positive trend arose in the mid-1990s and that state currently shows impunity indexes values similar to those of developed countries.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever o nível e a tendência temporal da impunidade do homicídio no Brasil. MÉTODOS Trata-se de estudo ecológico no qual dois índices de impunidade foram calculados a partir do número total de homicídios em determinado período, de cinco anos, dividido pelo número de indivíduos na prisão por homicídio (impunidade do homicídio) ou por qualquer causa (impunidade geral) dois anos após o final desse período. O modelo de regressão linear com correção de autocorrelação serial de Prais-Winsten foi utilizado para estimar a tendência temporal dos índices de impunidade. RESULTADOS No Brasil, entre 2009 e 2014, foram identificados 328.714 homicídios, contudo apenas 84.539 presos cumpriam pena por esse tipo de delito em 2016, revelando que houve 244.175 mais casos de homicídio no Brasil do que presos por esse crime. O índice de impunidade do homicídio variou de 3,9, em 2006, a 3,3 em 2014. Todos os estados apresentaram valores acima de 1. O Rio de Janeiro destacou-se negativamente, com valores acima de 20. Os menores índices de impunidade do homicídio foram encontrados nos estados de São Paulo, Santa Catarina e Distrito Federal, com valores abaixo de 2. Oito estados mostraram tendência de redução no índice de impunidade geral. CONCLUSÕES A maioria dos estados brasileiros apresentou valores altíssimos nos índices de impunidade. No entanto, detectamos um sinal positivo de que a sociedade brasileira começou, a partir de 2010-2012, a combater de forma efetiva a impunidade dos crimes violentos graves, incluindo o homicídio. São Paulo iniciou essa tendência positiva em meados dos anos 1990 e apresenta atualmente índices de impunidade similares aos dos países desenvolvidos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Homicide/legislation & jurisprudence , Homicide/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology
13.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 23: e200079, 2020. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126054

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou investigar os fatores associados aos desfechos de cura e abandono na população privada de liberdade com tuberculose. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, observacional e analítico. Realizado com dados oriundos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), de tuberculose da população privada de liberdade nos anos de 2007 a 2016 no estado da Paraíba. Foram incluídas as notificações de indivíduos maiores de 18 anos notificados como "casos novos" e como encerramento por "cura" ou "abandono". Excluíram-se aqueles que até dezembro de 2016 não tinham a situação de encerramento. Realizaram-se estatísticas bivariada e multivariada, por meio de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Com 614 notificações, a maioria foi do sexo masculino (93,8%). Na análise bivariada, houve associação estaticamente relevante dos desfechos com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (p = 0,044), sorologia para vírus da imunodeficiência humana (p = 0,048) e não realização de baciloscopia de acompanhamento (p = 0,001). Na análise multivariada ajustada, a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (risco relativo - RR = 1,998; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% 1,078 - 3,704; p = 0,028) e a não realização de baciloscopia de acompanhamento (RR = 5,211; IC95% 2,158 - 12,583; p < 0,001*) permaneceram significativamente associadas ao desfecho de abandono. Conclusão: Os desfechos de cura e abandono estão associados principalmente com a realização ou não da baciloscopia de acompanhamento e com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida.


ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the outcomes of recovery and abandonment in the incarcerated population with tuberculosis. Methods: A quantitative and observational analytical study was performed with data from the Notification Disease Information System (Sinan), tuberculosis data from the incarcerated population in the state of Paraiba from 2007 to 2016; Notifications of individuals over the age of 18, reported as "new cases" and the outcome, "recovery" or "abandonment" status were included. Those people who until December 2016 had no outcome information were excluded. Analyses were performed using bivariate and multivariate statistics from the Poisson regression. Results: Of the 614 notifications, most were male (93.8%). In the bivariate analysis, there was a statistically relevant association of outcomes with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (p = 0.044), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) serology (p = 0.048) and lack of completion of follow-up bacilloscopy (p = 0.001). In the adjusted multivariate analysis, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (RR = 1.998; 95%CI 1.078 - 3.704; p = 0.028) and lack of completion of follow-up bacilloscopy (RR = 5.251; 95%CI 2.158 - 12.583; p <0.001*) remained significantly associated with the dropout outcome. Conclusion: Recovery and abandonment outcomes were mainly associated with whether the follow-up bacilloscopy was performed or not and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Patient Dropouts/statistics & numerical data , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Bacteriological Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome
14.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 67, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1127231

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To calculate the rate of tuberculosis cases per prison unit in Espírito Santo; present the individual, clinical, and institutional characteristics of the cases in persons deprived of liberty (PPL); and analyze the association between these characteristics and treatment outcome in this population. METHODS The study included cases of tuberculosis in the PPL of Espírito Santo from 2014 to 2016. Rate calculation, descriptive analysis and hierarchical logistic regression were performed considering the individual, clinical and institutional levels. RESULTS The rate of diagnosed cases per prison unit in the state ranged from 0 to 17.3 cases per 1,000 inmates. Of all reported cases, 218 (72.6%) healed, 21 (7.0%) dropped out, 1 (0.3%) died of tuberculosis, 2 (0.7%) died from other causes, 56 (18.7%) transferred the treatment site and 2 (0.7%) developed drug-resistant tuberculosis. The adjusted analysis showed that supervised treatment ensures success (CR = 0.29; 95%CI 0.01-0.76). CONCLUSIONS The study highlighted the importance of knowing the TB treatment outcome in the PPL to implement measures to reduce failure, and the contribution of supervised treatment in this process.


RESUMO OBJETIVOS Calcular a taxa de casos diagnosticados com tuberculose por unidades prisionais do Espírito Santo, apresentar as características individuais, clínicas e institucionais dos casos na população privada de liberdade (PPL) do ES e analisar a associação entre essas características e o encerramento do tratamento da tuberculose nessa população. MÉTODOS A população de estudo foram os casos de tuberculose na PPL do ES de 2014 a 2016. Realizou-se o cálculo de taxa, a análise descritiva e a regressão logística hierarquizada considerando os níveis individual, clínico e institucional. RESULTADOS A taxa de casos diagnosticados por unidade prisional no estado variou de 0 a 17,3 casos por 1.000 presos. Do total de casos notificados, 218 (72,6%) se curaram, 21 (7,0%) abandonaram o tratamento, 1 (0,3%) morreu por tuberculose, 2 (0,7%) morreram por outras causas, 56 (18,7%) transferiram o local de tratamento e 2 (0,7%) desenvolveram tuberculose drogarresistente. A análise ajustada mostrou que o tratamento supervisionado é um fator protetor para o insucesso (RC = 0,29; IC95% 0,01-0,76). CONCLUSÕES O estudo apontou a importância do conhecimento do desfecho do tratamento da TB na PPL visando à implementação de ações para a redução do insucesso, bem como a contribuição do tratamento supervisionado nesse processo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Prisons , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Health Services Accessibility , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Brazil , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant , Freedom
15.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20190117, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057297

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study intends to describe a HIV intake screening strategy in recently incarcerated adults in Distrito Federal, Brasilia, Brazil. METHODS: We tested 455 recently incarcerated adults in Distrito Federal in 2016 using rapid tests (RT) applied to oral samples (OS). RESULTS: The estimated frequency of positive tests was 0.88% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34% to 2.24%). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings reveal the potential significance of detecting new HIV infection cases in a vulnerable population using point-of-care rapid diagnostic tests.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Brazil/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Prevalence , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Middle Aged
16.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(5): 1304-1310, Sep.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1042135

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify tuberculosis-related health care and surveillance actions in Prison Health Units. Method: Cross-sectional study, of quantitative, exploratory and descriptive character. We visited 13 Teams of Prison Health, and nurses and technicians were interviewed regarding epidemiological surveillance instruments, physical structure and materials. Results: Search for respiratory symptoms in admission was reported by 6 (46.2%) of the teams, and the smear microscopy was the most requested test. The Logbook of Respiratory Symptoms and the Logbook for Monitoring Tuberculosis Cases were used in 7 (53.8%) institutions. Two of them (15.4%) had a location for sputum collection and 1 (7.7%) had a radiographer. The Directly Observed Therapy was reported in 7 (53.8%) units. Conclusion: Health care actions related to the search for respiratory symptoms and Directly Observed Therapy should be expanded, as well as surveillance actions and recording in official documents of the National Tuberculosis Control Program.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar acciones asistenciales y de control de la tuberculosis en Unidades de Salud en Prisiones. Método: Estudio transversal, de tipo cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo. Se visitaron a 13 equipos de Salud en Prisiones, de los cuales participaron enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería de una entrevista sobre los instrumentos de control epidemiológico, la estructura física local y los materiales. Resultados: La búsqueda de sintomáticos respiratorios durante la admisión fue relatada por 6 (un 46,2%) equipos, siendo la baciloscopía el examen más solicitado. El Libro de Registro de Sintomáticos Respiratorios y el Libro de Registro de Seguimiento de los casos de Tuberculosis son utilizados en 7 (un 53,8%) instituciones. Dos (un 15,4%) de ellas contaban con un local para recolección de esputo y 1 (un 7,7%) tiene radiógrafo. El Tratamiento Directamente Observado se mencionó en 7 (un 53,8%) unidades. Conclusión: Las acciones asistenciales relacionadas con la búsqueda de sintomáticos respiratorios y el Tratamiento Directamente Observado deberían ser ampliadas, así como las acciones de control y registro en los documentos oficiales del Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis.


RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar ações assistenciais e de vigilância relacionadas à tuberculose em Unidades de Saúde Prisional. Método: Estudo transversal, de caráter quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Foram visitadas 13 Equipes de Saúde Prisional e entrevistados enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem com relação à instrumentos de vigilância epidemiológica, estrutura física e materiais. Resultados: A busca de sintomáticos respiratórios na admissão foi relatada por 6(46,2%) equipes, sendo a baciloscopia o exame mais solicitado. O Livro de Registro de Sintomáticos Respiratórios e o Livro de Registro de Acompanhamento dos Caso de Tuberculose eram utilizados em 7(53,8%) instituições. Duas (15,4%) apresentavam local para coleta de escarro e 1(7,7%) possuía radiógrafo. O Tratamento Diretamente Observado foi referido em 7(53,8%) unidades. Conclusão: As ações assistenciais relacionadas à busca de sintomáticos respiratório e Tratamento Diretamente Observado deveriam ser ampliadas, bem como as ações de vigilância e registro nos documentos oficiais do Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Prisons/standards , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/therapy , Prisons/organization & administration , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Population Surveillance/methods , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Directly Observed Therapy , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data
17.
Arch. Health Sci. (Online) ; 26(1): 67-71, 28/08/2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046128

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O ambiente prisional proporciona predisposição de diversas doenças, como é o caso da tuberculose, cujo risco de adoecimento aumenta em 28 vezes no interior das prisões. Objetivo: Integrar os fatores causadores de tuberculose em indivíduos privados de liberdade, mencionados na literatura nacional e internacional. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e PUBMED nos meses de abril a junho de 2017. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 12 estudos. Os resultados permitiram constatar que o uso de drogas ilícitas injetáveis, o tempo de encarceramento, o compartilhamento de cela com outros detentos e a coinfecção HIV/TB foram os principais fatores relacionados ao adoecimento por tuberculose na população penitenciária. Ademais, a tuberculose pulmonar foi o principal achado dentro do ambiente prisional, seguida pela infecção latente por tuberculose. Conclusão: O controle da tuberculose é uma necessidade urgente na sociedade. O desenvolvimento de programas de controle desta, bem como a instalação de serviços de saúde efetivos, que promovam um cuidado integral e a prevenção e promoção, assim como a reabilitação da saúde das pessoas privadas de liberdade constitui-se em uma necessidade imperiosa no contexto prisional.


Introduction: The prison environment provides a predisposition for several diseases, such as tuberculosis. The risk of getting infected is increased by 28 times within prisons. Objective: To integrate the causative factors of tuberculosis in liberty-deprived individuals reported in both national and international literature. Materials and Methods: A literature review was performed to identify published studies from April to June 2017. Published studies were identified using an initial search of the LILACS, MEDLINE, and PUBMED database. Results: The literature search resulted in the identification of 12 studies. The results showed that injecting drug use, incarceration time, cell sharing with other inmates, and HIV/TB coinfection were the main factors related to tuberculosis in prison population. In addition, pulmonary tuberculosis was the main finding within the prison environment, followed by latent tuberculosis infection. Conclusion: Tuberculosis control is an urgent need in society. The development of programs to control it, as well as the establishment of effective health services that deliver integral health care, prevention and promotion of health care. Furthermore, the rehabilitation of prisoners' health constitutes a compelling need in the prisoner context.


Subject(s)
Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/etiology , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Factors
18.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 23(3): 173-181, May-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019559

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: The prison system in Paraná, Brazil, is experiencing serious problems related to the increasing number of prisoners. Control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become more intense because the incarcerated population is considered a high-risk group for contagious diseases due to the favorable conditions found in prisons for the spread of these morbidities. The objective of this study was to identify features associated with hepatitis C infection among male prisoners in correctional institutions of Paraná state, Brazil. Methods: This was a case-control study (27 cases and 54 controls) of men incarcerated in 11 penitentiaries in Paraná, Brazil. Information was obtained through a questionnaire in a cross-sectional epidemiological survey on HCV infection during the period from May 2015 to December 2016. Eligible men were recruited after testing positive for anti-HCV antibodies. Cases and controls were selected based on serological results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and were matched by age, location of the penitentiary, and time in prison. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for HCV seropositivity. Results: The main significant independent risk factor for the acquisition of HCV infection was the use of injectable drugs (OR = 4.00; 95%CI:1.41-11.35; p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that HCV infection is associated with drug use by this population. This information is pivotal for tailoring prevention programs and guiding specific socioeducational measures that aim to reduce or prevent HCV transmission within the prison setting.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Epidemiologic Methods
20.
Rev. bras. psiquiatr ; 41(1): 31-37, Jan.-Mar. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-985356

ABSTRACT

Objective: To examine the utility of the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form (SRP-SF) to assess psychopathic traits in female offenders and to test gender-based item modifications. Method: A South American sample of female offenders (n=210) was assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R); 110 subjects also completed the standard SRP-SF, while 109 completed a version with items rewritten to be more relevant for females. The underlying latent structure of the PCL-R and both versions of the SRP-SF were examined. Results: Most of the modified items showed higher average item responses. The PCL-R showed a stronger association with the modified SRP-SF than with the standard SRP-SF. The four-factor model showed very good fit in accounting for the PCL-R data, consistent with previous research. For both SRP-SF versions, the results indicated good model fit. Structural equation models were tested separately, in which a superordinate SRP-SF factor was set to predict a broad factor reflecting chronic misconduct. Both versions showed good model fit, and the SRP-SF superordinate factor significantly predicted a chronic misconduct factor. Conclusions: Both versions of the SRP-SF adequately reflected psychopathic features in this female sample; the modified items added robustness to representation of these features.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Aged , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Self Report , Antisocial Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Chile , Analysis of Variance , Middle Aged , Models, Theoretical
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